Which term describes a state that pays tribute to a more powerful state for protection or autonomy?

The term that best describes a state that pays tribute to a more powerful state for protection or autonomy is "Client State." A client state typically maintains a degree of independence while relying on a stronger state for military protection or economic assistance. In this relationship, the client state often makes concessions, such as paying tribute or aligning its policies with the more powerful state, in exchange for security or favorable treatment.

The other terms relate closely to similar concepts, but they have distinct nuances. A "Vassal State" specifically refers to a feudal relationship where the vassal owes loyalty and military support to a lord, which includes a more binding obligation than simply paying tribute. A "Tributary Nation" generally focuses on the aspect of tribute payment itself but does not necessarily capture the broader dynamics of power and autonomy. A "Protectorate" refers to a territory that is defended and controlled by a stronger power, which may not involve tribute payment but rather direct oversight. Thus, "Client State" effectively encapsulates the relationship of paying tribute for autonomy and protection within the context of international relations.