Which political philosophy promotes retaining traditional institutions and values, often resisting change?

Conservatism is a political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of maintaining traditional institutions, practices, and values. This philosophy often advocates for gradual change rather than radical reform, prioritizing stability and continuity over innovation. Conservatives typically believe that established traditions and social structures provide a framework for social order and moral guidance, which are essential for a functional society.

This orientation leads to a resistance against rapid changes that may undermine these values and institutions. Throughout history, conservative movements have often emerged in response to revolutions or significant social changes, aiming to preserve what they view as essential elements of society. In contrast, the other political philosophies listed—progressivism, nationalism, and libertarianism—generally advocate for different approaches to governance and societal change. Progressivism, for instance, focuses on reform and change in order to address social injustices and improve society, while nationalism often centers around the interests of a specific nation, which can involve either conservative or progressive elements depending on the context. Libertarianism promotes individual freedom and minimal government intervention, which may also conflict with traditional values. Thus, conservatism distinctly stands out for its commitment to tradition and cautiousness toward change.